Strengthening Community Natural Resource Management in Ghana

On October 3, 2018, a National Policy Dialogue was organised to discuss the implementation, successes and challenges of the Community Resource Management Area (CREMA) concept in Ghana.  The dialogue was held under the theme: Empowering Communities to Manage Natural Resources Sustainably: A Review of CREMAs Implementation in Ghana. Key outputs from the dialogue narrowed in on how local communities under the CREMA concept can be supported to effectively participate in sustainable natural resource management.

What is CREMA?

CREMA stands for Community Resource Management Area. It is a collaborative and inclusive natural resources governance and management framework which recognizes and fosters local community participation in responsible and sustainable management of natural resources in Ghana. The concept was developed by the Wildlife Division of the forestry Commission of Ghana and has since been widely adopted by both state and non-actors within natural resource management sector because of its unique devolution of management authority to community based organizations.

The Communique

The dialogue identified and discussed key issues and prospects as well as critical actions for CREMAs to achieve their intended outcomes and vision. These are:

Policy and Legislative Support for CREMAs

1. The Wildlife Resources Management Bill, which has gone through two rounds of parliamentary reviews under the past two Governments, should be passed into an Act with all urgency. The Act, when passed, will reinforce the legal authority and scope of CREMAs to exercise their mandate to take responsibility and share in the benefits of managing natural resources at the local level.
2. CREMAs by their nature are community led and so naturally, they are part of the decentralized local government system in form and structure. CREMAs should therefore be integrated in the planning, implementation, management and evaluation of all district development planning processes for greater recognition and support.
3. Responsibility to manage resources should come with opportunities to share in benefits. Benefit sharing schemes that address these challenges should be agreed on and implemented to sustain community interest in taking up the responsibility of natural resource management. Tree tenure benefits in particular, need to be agreed on and implemented as soon as possible, to allow farmers who nurture naturally occurring trees on their farms to derive benefits.
4. There is the need for Government to carry out a comprehensive national evaluation of the implementation of the CREMA concept so far in Ghana. This is to help implementers gain in-depth understanding of the challenges across different landscapes and build sustainable solutions to address them. It will also be an opportunity to identify success stories and share knowledge and experience.

Click to Download the full Version of the  Communique

CREMA Devolution

5. Political and elite interference in the management and use of natural resources, such as side-stepping community consent, re-assigning timber concessions to individuals and companies despite the issuance of certificate of devolutions to community members, does not promote transparency and inclusivity. It derails interest and shared responsibility and must therefore be curtailed.

Capacity Development of CREMAs

6. The dialogue recognized that most CREMAs have been created through time-bound projects. One of the reasons for the collapse of some of the CREMAs is that their executives are usually not able to perform their functions properly when these projects end or when the agencies/organizations that promoted the formation of the CREMAs exit the communities. To ensure long-term sustainability and proper governance of CREMAs, implementing partners should adequately build capacities of CREMA executives to effectively undertake managerial roles when they exit.
7. Similarly, capacities of Traditional Authorities and landowners are to be built and they should be involved from the onset of the CREMA formation to ensure support and ownership of the process.
8. It is recommended that implementing partners periodically engage with law enforcement agencies including the Ghana Police Service and the Judicial Services on forest and wildlife policies to facilitate timely prosecution of offenders and the protection of the rights of CREMAs.
9. There is a need for the establishment and development of a National Association of CREMAs, with the entire appropriate institutional framework in place to foster and advance the cause of CREMAs in Ghana. This will provide opportunities for periodic experience sharing, and shared action for addressing challenges and leveraging technical and financial support in relation to law enforcement and compliance, financial sustainability, capacity building and building prosperity in CREMAs.
10. Women in communities play significant role in natural resource management in Ghana, and efforts to ensure their active and effective participation in decision making, management and sharing in the benefits of CREMAs should be deliberate and encouraged. A key lesson on engendering women’s’ participation at the local level and in CREMA governance is the introduction of quota systems/ affirmative action.

Financial Sustainability of CREMAs

11. Where they exist, CREMAs should be the frontline actors in the creation of jobs within the agriculture and forest development programs in Ghana and should therefore be integrated in national programs as they are developed from time to time. For example, participants strongly commend government in its effort to create jobs at the district level by engaging the youth in agriculture and afforestation programmes. However, it would be more desirable if government works with CREMAs in areas where such afforestation programmes are being implemented to enable the CREMAs generate additional funds and help promote conservation.
12. Furthermore, government and development partners should continue to prioritize support for CREMAs and factor them in the development of national interventions such as the Forest Investment Programme (FIP) and other programmes on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). This would bring financial returns to CREMAs and reward them for the trees planted over the years that are sequestering carbon.
13. CREMAs are encouraged to engage District Assemblies to discuss possibility of tapping into timber royalties they receive for community development
14. Achieving financial sustainability for the sustainable management of natural resources should be the central goal of all CREMAs and partners who support in their development. Facilitating agencies should support CREMAs to add value to community resources to generate revenue to ensure financial sustainability. CREMAs can be supported to identify marketable products, to develop business plans that ensure sustainable business practices. Private-sector led green investments for high-end and new commodities can contribute to changing the economic fortunes of CREMAs.
    

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    The event was organized by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and in partnership with the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources (MLNR), the Green Livelihood Alliance, SNV, IUCN, Mondelez International-Cocoa Life Program, Forestry Commission and the Shared Resources, Joint Solutions Alliance.